Category Archives: Special Comment
Jury vs. Televote…the Saga Continues
There’s been a lot of chatter from fans (both casual and obsessed) about the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of a 50% Jury, 50% Televote split at Eurovision. Call me crazy, but I actually kind of prefer having the two sides. A jury might be less inclined to vote for a song based on geographical or cultural distribution, while a public vote might be a better divining rod of what’s actually popular. Juries also have the benefit of having a few hours to digest their thoughts and register their votes, while televoters have a smaller window to decide where to spend their hard-earned cell-phone minutes. (Granted, until the full votes from each nation are released by the EBU or by the broadcasters themselves, this is a lot of speculation.)
Breaking News from the Czech Republic!!!
…and the surprises never end in the world of Eurovision! It seems that within the past few moments, the Czech Republic has decided to put aside their differences with Eurovision, suck up the heavy late-registration fees and penalties, and submit an entry for Düsseldorf! The Czechs have been absent from Eurovision since their nul-points placement back in 2009 with Gipsy.cz’s “Aven Romale“, and their highest placement ever was 2008’s “Have Some Fun“, which only received nine points in its semifinal and failed to qualify.
After the jump, check out the just-revealed entry for the Czech Republic!
Of course, as you’ve probably figured out by now, that was “Jožin z bažin” by Ivan Mládek and his Banjo Band, the 1977 classic.
Happy April Fool’s Day, everybody! 🙂
Just to tide us over…Eurovision, By The Numbers!
Here we are, a month or so before delegations, journalists, and fans alike all descend on Düsseldorf, awaiting the spectacle that we’ve been fantasizing about since Lena took the Eurovision crown in Oslo last year. This month, however, is generally seen as “the calm before the storm”. All of the songs have been released, and while an occasional promotional video or tour might pop up here and there, and bookies might argue amongst themselves over who will win, there’s really not a lot of major news that arises between the unveiling of the final song and the start of rehearsals.
So, what’s an ESC blogger with too much time on her hands going to do? (The same thing she does every night, Pinky…tries to take over the world!)
No…wait. That’s not it. Tempting as it might be, I have no plans for world domination. Yet. What I will do, however, is crunch some numbers and try to come up with some interesting bits of trivia for you all!
– As we all know, we’ve got 43 nations competing against each other this year. Out of those 43, twenty-two have previously won the competition at some point. The nations that have competed the longest without a victory are Portugal (44 songs since 1964, never cracking the Top 5), Malta (23 entries since 1971, with two runner-up placements), and Cyprus (28 entries since 1981, with three 5th-place finishes). The only nations to have taken a victory on their debut entry are Switzerland in 1956 (although this could be argued, as everybody was a debuting entrant that year, and “Refrain” was the second of two Swiss songs presented that night), and Serbia in 2007 (which could also be argued, as Serbia had performed in conjunction with Montenegro in the past). Other nations to have recently won an ESC title while in their Eurovision infancy were Ukraine (winning on their second attempt in 2004) and Latvia (with a victory on their third try, in 2002).
– Out of the 43 competing nations, 10 debuted during the 1950s, 5 in the 1960s, 4 in the 1970s, 2 in the 1980s, 11 in the 1990s, and 11 in the 2000s. Ten nations entered for the first time between 1993 and 1994 alone!
– The next nation to debut will most likely be Liechtenstein, as they finally established their own broadcaster in 2008, and have applied for EBU membership. Lebanon has also flirted with the idea of entering the ESC, but we haven’t heard much from TéléLiban since their failed 2005 attempt to enter the contest. Radio Television of Kosovo has expressed an interest in competing, but as they are not fully accepted by the United Nations, the broadcaster hasn’t been officially enrolled in the EBU, voiding any chance of participation. Finally, Qatar has also expressed an interest in participating, but we will need to wait until next year to see if this comes to fruition.
– Other EBU-member nations that have not sent a song to Eurovision as of 2011 include Tunisia (who supposedly had tried to send a song to compete in 1977, but withdrew), Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Libya, and the Vatican.
– There are six nations (not counting those that are defunct) that have participated in the ESC in the past, but have withdrawn for one reason or another. They are Luxembourg, Monaco, Morocco, Andorra, Montenegro, and the Czech Republic.
– The last time that Germany hosted Eurovison (1987, in Munich), only 20 nations took part. Out of those twenty, only two no longer participate (Yugoslavia, for obvious reasons, and Luxembourg). In 1987, however, 17 of today’s participating countries didn’t even exist in their current form! Between the division of the former Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, plus the merging of East and West Germany, Europe’s borders have gone through a pretty significant overhaul.
– Over 50 languages and dialects have been represented on the Eurovision stage, including this year’s introduction of Swahili (in Norway’s “Haba Haba”). However, as many countries choose to sing in English over their native languages, this is becoming a rarer phenomenon. We have yet to hear Georgian, Azerbaijani, or Belorussian at a Eurovision, for example. (I’m also still holding out hope for an entry in Welsh, but it might be a long shot.) The languages heard at Eurovision with the fewest active speakers seem to be Romansh (spoken by about 35,000 people and sung by the Swiss in 1989), Võro (spoken by about 70,000 people and sung by Estonia in 2004). Three songs have been sung (at least partially) in imaginary languages: Belgium in 2003 and 2008, and the Netherlands in 2006.
I might add more to this list as other facts and figures strike me…feel free to add your own contributions in the comments!
Sam’s Unranked Rankings, 2011!
Ok, I fold. Some of my readers (I’m looking at you, Jack!) have been asking me for my personal ranking of this year’s Eurovision songs. Out of all of the articles I’ve written, this might be the toughest! I’ve been putting it off, hemming and hawing about how to organize my thoughts. It’s really quite difficult to chew up and spit out 43 songs from 43 nations, stretching from Iceland to Azerbaijan to Malta and back again. Complicating the venture even further is the knowledge that my opinions change as often as the weather (and in a Minnesota spring, that says quite a lot!); I can barely pick out an area rug for my apartment without second-guessing myself eleven thousand times.
So, in order to make my “ranking” somewhat easier (as well as to cover my ass when I invariably change my mind), I’ve decided to break the songs down into groups. With the songs in my “favorite” group, my absolute favorite can morph and change with my mood: if I’m feeling wistful and philosophical, it’s Dino. If I’m channeling my inner dramatic diva, I reach for Aurela. When I’m craving a night out at my favorite wine bar, curling up with a taste of Pinot Noir, I’ll queue up a little Gualazzi. And for those time when I want a full-on, hands-in-the-air, sing-into-my-hairbrush dance-fest, I turn on “What About My Dreams?” (and I hope nobody’s watching!). As an officially accredited journalist for this year’s Eurovision, I know that I’m going to have to choose a favorite when I eventually give my nomination for a Marcel Bezençon Press Award. I might just have to wait and see how the rehearsals hit me…
Anyway, after the jump, I’ll give you my own personal ranking/groupings, as of the night of Tuesday, March 22nd, 2011! (Ask me again on April 22nd, and you might see a completely different list…)
And remember…all songs are available here: Eurovision Song Contest – Düsseldorf 2011 Preview Player
Love It!!! (These songs are the ones that struck me immediately, and have continued to impress me the more I listen to them. The fact that some of them have either survived a translation unscathed or were even enhanced by the change impresses me even further. Hearing these songs played four times in a row wouldn’t phase me in the slightest. Furthermore, these songs have inspired me to investigate these artists’ earlier work, as I’ve done with Tose Proeski, Mor ve Ötesi, Ani Lorak, and Malcolm Lincoln.):
Albania: Aurela Gaçe – “Feel the Passion”
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dino Merlin – “Love In Rewind”
Hungary: Kati Wolf – “What About My Dreams?”
Italy: Raphael Gualazzi – “Madness of Love”
The Netherlands: 3Js – “Never Alone”
United Kingdom: Blue – “I Can”
Really Like It! (These songs hit my eardrum really well, but not quite as well as the tunes listed above. I’ll listen to them happily, but maybe just once at a time…):
Bulgaria: Poli Genova – “Na Inat”
France: Amaury Vassili – “Sognu”
Georgia: Eldrine – “One More Day”
Germany: Lena – “Taken By a Stranger”
Iceland: Sigurjón’s Friends – “Coming Home” (This one happens to be my Mom’s favorite!)
Moldova: Zdob şi Zdub – “So Lucky”
Poland: Magdalena Tul – “Jestem”
Serbia: Nina – “Čaroban”
Slovenia: Maja Keuc – “Vaniljia” (The English version hasn’t been released yet, so I’m judging this by the original Slovenian.)
Not Bad! (These songs are either enjoyable, but not as memorable OR they’re the songs that I hate to admit that are growing on me.):
Azerbaijan: Ell and Nikki – “Running Scared”
Belgium: Witloof Bay – “With Love Baby”
Cyprus: Christos Mylordos – “San Aggelos S’Agapisa”
Denmark: A Friend in London – “New Tomorrow”
Estonia: Getter Jaani – “Rockefeller Street”
Ireland: Jedward – “Lipstick” (It’s a total guilty pleasure…like eating a big plate of cheese fries. I really enjoy it when I’m in the moment, but I feel somewhat guilty about it afterwards!)
Portugal: Homens da Luta – “A Luta É Alegria”
Spain: Lucía Pérez – “Que Me Quiten Lo Bailao”
Switzerland: Anna Rossinelli – “In Love for a While”
Turkey: Yüksek Sadakat – “Live it Up”
So-So (I don’t actively dislike these songs, but they leave me feeling somewhat unenthusiastic.)
Austria: Nadine Beiler – “The Secret is Love”
Finland: Paradise Oskar – “Da Da Dam”
Greece: Loukas Giorkas feat. Stereo Mike – “Watch My Dance”
Israel: Dana International – “Ding Dong”
Latvia: Musiqq – “Angel in Disguise”
Malta: Glen Vella – “One Life”
Norway: Stella Mwangi – “Haba Haba”
Romania: Hotel FM – “Change”
San Marino: Senit – “Stand By”
Slovakia: TWiiNS – “I’m Still Alive”
Ukraine: Mika Newton – “Angels”
Not For Me (I dislike these songs, but I don’t find them ear-rippingly terrible.):
Croatia: Daria Kinzer – “Celebrate”
Russia: Alexey Vorobyov – “Get You”
Sweden: Eric Saade – “Popular”
Umm…No. (Need I Say More?):
Armenia: Emmy – “Boom Boom”
Belarus: Anastasia Vinnikova – “I Love Belarus”
Lithuania: Evelina Sašenko – “C’est Ma Vie”
(FYR) Macedonia: Vlatko Ilievski – “Rusinka”
Eurovision 2011: A Trail Guide
For those readers who are either completely new to Eurovision or just picking up the 2011 trail now, it can be a bit overwhelming to pick through 43 countries’ songs without a bit of guidance. To help with the journey, I’m taking the liberty of breaking up the songs into loose categories and themes. Some songs might fall into more than one category (and others seem to defy all logic and reason!), and some of these definitions are a bit loose and floppy, so take them with a grain of salt. But if you’re just getting into the contest, and aren’t sure what to listen to first, here’s a quick primer on this year’s offerings (and if I’ve overlooked anything, please let me know!):
All of the songs can be heard through the Eurovision Song Contest – Düsseldorf 2011 Preview Player
Rock and Pop-Rock:
Bulgaria – Poli Genova “Na Inat”
Denmark – A Friend in London “New Tomorrow”
Georgia – Eldrine “One More Day”
Macedonia – Vlatko Ilievski “Rusinka”
Moldova – Zdob şi Zdub “So Lucky”
The Netherlands – 3Js “Never Alone”
Romania – Hotel FM “Change”
Turkey – Yüksek Sadakat “Live it Up”
Uptempo Pop/Dance:
Armenia – Emmy “Boom Boom”
Belarus – Anastasia Vinnikova “I Love Belarus”
Croatia – Daria Kinzer “Celebrate”
Estonia – Getter Jaani “Rockefeller Street”
Germany – Lena “Taken by a Stranger”
Hungary – Kati Wolf “What About My Dreams?”
Ireland – Jedward “Lipstick”
Israel – Dana International “Ding Dong”
Latvia – Musiqq “Angel in Disguise”
Malta – Glen Vella “One Life”
Norway – Stella Mwangi “Haba Haba”
Poland – Magdalena Tul “Jestem”
Russia – Alex Sparrow “Get You”
Serbia – Nina “Čaroban”
Spain – Lucía Pérez “Que Me Quiten Lo Bailao”
Sweden – Eric Saade “Popular”
United Kingdom – Blue “I Can”
Ballads/Slow Pop:
Austria – Nadine Beiler “The Secret is Love”
Azerbaijan – Ell and Nikki “Running Scared”
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Dino Merlin “Love in Rewind”
Cyprus – Christos Mylordou “San aggelos s’agapisa”
Finland – Paradise Oskar “Da Da Dam”
Iceland – Sigurjón’s Friends – “Coming Home”
Lithuania – Evelina Sašenko “C’est Ma Vie”
San Marino – Senit “Stand By”
Slovakia – TWiiNS “Still Alive”
Slovenia – Maja Keuc “Vanilija”
Switzerland – Anna Rossinelli “In Love for a While”
Ukraine – Mika Newton “Angels”
Other Genres:
Albania – Aurela Gaçe “Feel the Passion” (ethno-pop)
Belgium – Witloof Bay “With Love Baby” (acapella)
France – Amaury Vassili “Sognu” (operatic bolero)
Greece – Loukas Giourkas featuring Stereo Mike “Watch my Dance” (rap/folk fusion)
Italy – Raphael Gualazzi “Madness of Love” (jazz)
Portugal – Homens da Luta “A Luta É Alegria”(1970’s-style popular protest)
Solo Female Singers:
Albania
Armenia
Austria
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Estonia
Germany
Hungary
Israel
Lithuania
Norway
Poland
San Marino
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Switzerland
Ukraine
Solo Male Singers:
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Cyprus
Finland
France
Italy
(FYR) Macedonia
Malta
Russia
Sweden
Bands:
Belgium
Denmark
Georgia
Iceland
Moldova
Netherlands
Portugal
Romania
Turkey
United Kingdom
Duets:
Azerbaijan (male/female)
Greece (male/male)
Ireland (male/male)
Latvia (male/male)
Slovakia (female/female)
Eurovision Returnees:
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Dino Merlin (Composer, 1993, 16th place/Performer, 1999, 7th place)
Germany – Lena (2010 Winner)
Iceland – Gunnar Ólasson (2001, 22nd place)
Israel – Dana International (Performer, 1998, Winner/ Composer, 2008, 9th place)
Moldova – Zdob şi Zdub (2005, 6th place)
Slovakia – TWiiNS (backup singers for the 2008 Czech entry, 18th place in the Semifinal)
Multilingual or Not in English:
Albania (mostly English, some Albanian)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly English, some Bosnian)
Bulgaria (completely Bulgarian)
Cyprus (completely Greek)
France (completely Corsican)
Greece (English verses, Greek chorus)
Hungary (mostly English, some Hungarian)
Israel (Hebrew and English)
Italy (Italian and English)
Lithuania (mostly English, a tiny bit of French)
(FYR) Macedonia (completely Macedonian, with a corrupted Russian phrase in the chorus)
Norway (mostly English, some Swahili)
Poland (completely Polish)
Portugal (completely Portuguese)
Serbia (completely Serbian)
Spain (completely Spanish)
Originally in Another Language, but will be performed (at least mostly) in English:
Albania (“Kënga Ime” to “Feel the Passion”)
Croatia (“Lahor” to “Celebrate”)
Hungary (“Szerelem, miért múlsz?” to “What About My Dreams?”)
Iceland (“Aftur Heim” to “Coming Home”)
Netherlands (“Je vecht nooit alleen” to “Never Alone”)
Slovenia (“Vanilija” to “No One”)
Ukraine (“Angely” to “Angels”)
Participants in local “Idol”, “Operation: Triumph”, “X-Factor”, or other talent shows (not counting National Finals):
Austria – Nadine Beiler (winner of “Starmania” in 2007.)
Cyprus – Christos Mylordos (winner of “Performance” in 2010.)
Estonia – Getter Jaani (4th place in “Eesti otsib superstaari”, the local version of the “Idol” franchise.)
Greece – Loukas Giorkas (winner of the first season of Greece’s “X-Factor” in 2009.)
Hungary – Kati Wolf (6th place in “X-Faktor” 2010.)
Ireland – Jedward (6th place in the UK’s “X-Factor”, much to Simon Cowell’s chagrin.)
Italy – Raphael Gualazzi (winner of the youth division of 2011’s Sanremo Festival.)
Lithuania – Evelina Sašenko (participant in “Triumfo arka”, a Lithuanian show focused on operatic talent.)
Slovenia – Maja Keuc (runner-up from 2010’s “Slovenija ima talent [Slovenia’s Got Talent]”.)
Spain – Lucía Pérez (winner of the Galician “Canteira de Cantareiros” in 2002.)
Sweden – Eric Saade (winner of local talent show “Joker”, now called “Popkorn”.)
Performers with Theatrical Experience:
Estonia – Getter Jaani played the role of Sharpay Evans in the Estonian stage version of “High School Musical”.
Malta – Glen Vella is an alum of local productions of “Jesus Christ Superstar”, “Godspell”, and others.
Poland – Magdalena Tul has appeared in local productions of “Grease” and “Cats”, among others.
San Marino – Senit was in international touring productions of “Hair”, “Fame”, and “The Lion King”.
Performers over the age of 35 (according to Wikipedia):
Albania – Aurela Gaçe (36)
Bosnia and Herzegovina – Dino Merlin (48)
Hungary – Kati Wolf (36)
Israel – Dana International (39)
Netherlands – Two of the 3Js (lead singer Jan Dulles is 36 and guitarist Jaap de Witte is 56. The third “J”, Jaap Kwakman, is only 33.)
Performers under the age of 20 (again, according to Wikipedia):
Belarus – Anastasia Vinnikova (19…turns 20 the day after the Final)
Cyprus – Christos Mylordos (19)
Estonia – Getter Jaani (18)
Germany – Lena (19)
Ireland – Jedward (19)
Slovenia – Maja Keuc (19)
A Quick Holiday Message from the ESC Insider…
To all of the lovers out there, here’s a sweet little holiday message from Svetlana Loboda:
If you’re in a relationship, Happy Valentine’s Day! If not, Happy Singles Awareness Day! 😉
It’s Amaury Vassili for France!
It looks like we have our second name out of the Big Five for Düsseldorf! As we already knew, defending champion Lena Meyer-Landrut will be representing her homeland again this year (her new album “Good News” will be released in February, with all of the songs considered for her participation on it). Today we got news of France’s choice for the ESC: 21-year-old tenor Amaury Vassili. Here’s a clip of one of his earlier live performances (details on his song for Eurovision have not been released yet).
Vassili, despite his young age, is already an accomplished performer; he has released three successful albums that have made some significant impact on the charts in France and Wallonia (the French-speaking portion of Belgium). His style tends more towards “popera”, and while his song has yet to be announced, it’s more than likely that he’ll stay in this general genre. One minor caveat: Amaury tends to sing in either Italian or English, and France, more than any other nation, tends to be a stickler for their language to be featured in their Eurovision entries. (Some ESC fans might remember the uproar back in 2008 when Sebastien Tellier wanted to sing “Divine” entirely in English; the French Parliament basically forced him to include at least a few lines in French!) We’ll see what Amaury decides to do when his song is presented to the public.
More after the jump!
“Popera” has become more popular in Eurovision over the past few years, with middling results. Generally, songs in this style will often qualify for the final, but rarely have a massive impact on the scoreboard in the end. Here are a few examples…let’s hope Amaury will break the trend!
“Cvet z Juga (Flower of the South)” by Alenka Gotar (Slovenia 2007) – Placed 7th in the semifinal, but only 15th in the final in Helsinki (this, however, has been the only time that Slovenia has made it out of the semifinals since they created the system).
“Questa Notte (Tonight)” by Bonaparti.lv (Latvia 2007) – The same year as “Cvet z Juga”, “Questa Notte” placed 5th in the semifinal, but only 16th in the final.
“Pe-o Margine de Lume (On the Edge of the World)” by Nico and Vlad (Romania 2008) – This bilingual performance came in 20th place in Belgrade, despite a 7th place finish in its Semifinal.
“Nomads in the Night” by Jeronimas Milius (Lithuania 2008) – This one didn’t even make it out of the semis, placing 16th out of 19 entries (and, frankly, that might have been a bit generous…).
“Lijepa Tena (Beautiful Tena)” by Igor Cukrov featuring Andrea Šušnjara (Croatia 2009) – This operatic ethno-ballad barely made it out of the semifinals that year, coming in 13th place in its semi (it was saved by the jury’s vote). It eventually came in 18th in the final.
“La Voix (The Voice)” by Malena Ernman (Sweden 2009) – After coming in a respectable 4th place in her semifinal, this accomplished mezzo-soprano only came in 21st place out of 25.
“Illusion” by Krassimir Avramov (Bulgaria 2009) – Don’t even get me started on this one…it ended up with only seven points in its semi, in 16th place out of 18.
“My Heart is Yours” by Didrik Solli-Tangen (Norway 2010) – Despite a good vocal performance and the natural goodwill of being the representative of the host nation, Didrik only came in 20th place in the final. This was one of the lowest placements for a host nation in years.
Opera and opera-infused pop walks a tightrope in Eurovision. Even if a performance is technically skillful and beautifully presented, it might not be as naturally catchy as more traditional rock, pop, or ethnic songs. A casual Eurovision viewer may only see these songs once; a contestant has to be able to capture a potential voter’s attention in only three minutes. Otherwise, their moment in the spotlight becomes a viewer’s convenient bathroom break.
I genuinely wish Amaury the best in Düsseldorf, and I look forward to hearing his song. He has the luxury of being automatically qualified to the Grand Final on May 14th, but he (and his songwriters, producers, and delegation heads) should not rest on their laurels.
Look for the ESC Insider on Facebook and Twitter!
Just a quick note: I’ve just created a Facebook page for the ESC Insider. Look us up, “like” us, and join in the fun! Start a discussion, ask questions, and write up reviews and opinions of your own! I also just created an account on Twitter (@escinsider), which I’ll try to sync up with the facebook updates. (I’m new to the world of Twitter, so bear with me as I learn the basics!)
I look forward to seeing you there! Spread the word, and join the party!
-Samantha
Happy Holidays!
I just wanted to take a quick moment to wish all of my readers a Merry Christmas, Happy (Belated) Hanukkah, Festive Yule, and best wishes for every other holiday that I might be missing. I still feel so honored and touched to see my flag counter grow, adding another country to my list. (I’d still love to know more about you, my readers…feel free to leave comments!) No matter where you are, or who you are, I hope the joy and spirit of the season reaches you.
Albania will be giving us their customary Christmas gift in a few hours with the announcement of the winner of the 49th Festivali i Këngës, which has become their national preselection for Eurovision. As soon as it’s announced, I’ll pass along the news to you all! (And I know that I’m supposed to be impartial, but if you must know, I’m supporting Kamela Islamaj all the way! She rocked the FiK last year with Gjëra të thjeshta, and she’s following it up with more rock…I’d love to know more about her, so if anyone from Albania or Kosovo has more information on her biography or singing career, please share it with us! Any album out, possibly?)
The ESC Insider 
Follow Up Single Time, Part 2
Jun 20
Posted by Samantha Ross
As the weeks progress, more of Eurovision’s Class of 2011 are continuing on with their careers and releasing their next singles.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Dino Merlin has followed up his 6th-place finish in Germany with his new single, “Undo”. Despite the title, the song is in Bosnian, unlike his ESC-entry “Love in Rewind”. Dino is actively touring this summer, and will likely release his next album in early 2012.
Albania’s preeminent diva, Aurela Gaçe, has collaborated with local rapper MC Kresha to bring the world their new single, “Cash”. It might not harness Aurela’s epic vocal prowess in the same way that “Kënga Ime/Feel the Passion” did in Düsseldorf, but it’s still a fun listen, and any video that has echoes of “Tron” gets a thumbs-up in my book:
Norway’s Stella Mwangi, who shockingly missed out on this year’s Final with the peppy, Afro-inspired “Haba Haba”, has picked herself up, dusted herself off, and is continuing on with her career. She released her new album, “Kinanda”, on June 10th, and has already released the video of “Haba Haba”‘s follow-up, “Lookie Lookie”:
Finally (for now, at least), 2011’s Dutch representatives 3Js have also released a new single in the past few days (although sharp-eared Eurofans will recognize “De Stroom” as the runner-up in this year’s National Selection).
Posted in 2011, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Netherlands, Norway, Special Comment
Leave a comment